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Interesting Facts About Cell Phones

Cell phone is a wireless, portable long-range, electronic telephone, which during the journey can seamlessly change antenna connections, from one radio reception cell to another cell in the radio reception without abandoning or losing the call course.

Besides the standard voice function of a phone, latest cell phones have features such as SMS messages text, MMS multimedia messaging, radio, games, Internet access for email, browsing, blogs, music (MP3) playback, recording memory, built-in cameras and camcorders, ringtones, personal organizers, Push-to-Talk (PTT), Bluetooth and infrared connectivity, records calls, video streaming, video downloads, video calling, and also serve as wireless modems for PCs that can connect to the Internet.

The power in a cellphone is obtained from rechargeable batteries, which can be recharged from the network, a USB port or a cigarette lighter port in an automobile. Nickel Metal Hydride were the most common types of batteries, which due to "memory effect" (the user can recharge only when the entire battery runs) were replaced by Lithium-Ion batteries which do not suffer from any memory effect.

Cell phones came into existence because of the invention hexagonal cells in 1947, to the base stations by Bell Labs engineers at AT & T. This was developed during the 1960s by Bell Labs. During a call, the channel frequency could not be changed automatically from one cell (base station area coverage) to another cell (base station area coverage) as the person who traveled from the area of one cell to another cell's surface. Amos Joel of Bell Labs, invented a cutting-edge invention and named as so-called "relay" in which the channel frequency could be changed automatically from one cell to another, during the same call, the mobile user traveled from one cell to another cell. Due to its heavy construction, these phones are used mainly in automobiles.

The first cell phone in practice no vehicle environment and which could be handheld, was invented by Martin Cooper, the General Manager (Communications Division) of Motorola, which made the world `s first handheld cell phone call on 3 April 1973.

The technology of cell phone works depends on your network provider mobile, however, all of them use electromagnetic radio waves, which are in contact with a cell site (base station). The base station is composed of several antennas which are mounted on a pole, tower or building. Cell sites are spread across a distance of 5 to 8 miles (approx. 8 to 13 km) from each other. The low power transceiver from the cell phone transmits voice and data at the nearest location of the cell. During movement, the handset will "transfer" information to the cell site. Mobile phone operators use many technologies to maintain the smooth flow of digital information of mobile cell in the cell site and vice versa.

The wireless telephone technologies are grouped under the head known as generations, starting from zero generation or 0G. The current generation is going on is 4G, however, there are still old cell phones that operate on 1G, 2G and 3G. Wireless technologies used in each generation are as given below:

0G: PTT, MTS, IMTS, amts, OLT, MTD, Autotel PALM, ARP
1G: NMT, AMPS / TACS / ETACS, HICAP, CDPD, Mobitex, DataTAC
2G: GSM, iDEN, D-AMPS, IS-95/cdmaOne, PDC, CSD, PHS, GPRS, HSCSD, expand, CDMA2000 1xRTT/IS-2000, EDGE (EGPRS)
3G: W-CDMA, UMTS (3GSM), FOMA, TD-CDMA/UMTS-TDD, 1xEV-DO/IS-856, TD-SCDMA, GAN (UMA), HSPA, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA +, HSOPA
4G: UMB, UMTS Revision 8 (LTE), WiMAX

Frequency bands: SMR, Cellular, PCS

The impact of cell phone use on human health has been of considerable concern worldwide. Research studies in Copenhagen, the Danish Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute and Research Institute Cancer does not establish any link between cancer and cell phone use. However, an intergovernmental agency IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) forming part of the World Health Organization of the United Nations, conducted a survey of 4,500 users and found a relationship statistically significant between cell phone use and frequency of tumor. Further research is happening.

Cell phone use and driving is a common phenomenon worldwide. Some jurisdictions have banned the use of handheld phones while driving, but allowed the hands – fashion free cell phone use while driving. However, studies have found that the distraction caused by the conversation itself, therefore hand and hands-Free Cell Phones contribute to traffic accidents. Other studies on the use of cell phones and driving are happening.

Nokia Corporation is currently the world `s largest maker of cell phones. Other notable cell phone manufacturers, in alphabetical order, are 3G, Audiovox (UT Starcom), Benefon, BenQ-Siemens, Fujitsu, High Tech Computer Corporation (HTC), Kyocera, LG Mobile, Motorola, NEC, Panasonic (Matsushita Electric), Pantech Curitel, Philips, Research In Motion, Sagem, Samsung, Sanyo, Sharp, Siemens, Sierra Wireless, SK Teletech, Sony Ericsson, T & A Alcatel, Toshiba and Verizon.

About the Author

This article can also be accessed in portuguese language from the News Article section of page www.polomercantil.com.br/celular.php
Roberto Sedycias works as IT consultant for www.PoloMercantil.com.br

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